When your goods do not fill a whole container, they travel as LCL (less than container load), sharing a container with other shippers. LCL is billed mainly on volume in CBM, with weight also considered. Understanding the rules helps you estimate and compare quotes. This guide explains LCL shipping charges, with our CBM Calculator.
Revenue ton (W/M)
LCL ocean freight is charged per “revenue ton”, the greater of:
- Volume in CBM, or
- Weight in metric tonnes
This is often written as W/M (weight or measure), with 1 CBM treated as equal to 1,000 kg.
Examples
| Shipment | CBM | Weight | Revenue tons |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light garments | 3.0 | 600 kg | 3.0 |
| Ceramic tiles | 1.5 | 2,400 kg | 2.4 |
| Mixed goods | 2.2 | 1,100 kg | 2.2 |
Check conversions with the CBM to KG Calculator.
Minimum charge
Most forwarders apply a minimum, often 1 CBM, even for very small shipments.
Other charges
LCL quotes include more than ocean freight:
- Origin charges: pickup, CFS (container freight station) handling, documentation, export clearance
- Destination charges: CFS handling, delivery order, import clearance, delivery
- Surcharges: bunker adjustment, peak season fees
These can exceed the ocean freight for small shipments.
Worked estimate
Shipment of 2.5 CBM, 800 kg. Ocean rate $50 per revenue ton (illustrative):
- Freight: 2.5 × 50 = $125
- Origin charges: $120
- Destination charges: $180
- Total ≈ $425
LCL or FCL?
When LCL volume approaches 13 to 15 CBM, a 20 ft FCL may cost about the same or less. Compare both. See FCL vs LCL.
For calculating CBM, read how to calculate CBM. For total landed cost, use the Freight Cost Calculator.
Tips to lower LCL costs
- Consolidate several small orders into one shipment.
- Reduce carton size and empty space to cut CBM.
- Ask for an all-in quote that lists every origin and destination charge.
- Compare forwarders on total cost, not only the ocean rate per CBM.
Small changes in packing can move a shipment below a CBM threshold and save a noticeable amount.
Frequently asked questions
How is LCL freight charged?
Per revenue ton: the greater of CBM or metric tonnes.
Is there a minimum LCL charge?
Usually yes, often 1 CBM.
When should I switch to FCL?
Often when volume reaches around 13 to 15 CBM; compare quotes.